Current Status and Future of Waste-to-Energy Technology from the Perspective of Yongning Grate

　　Currently, there are three main types of waste incineration technology: fluidized bed combustion technology, staged combustion technology, and rotary combustion technology, corresponding to incineration furnaces.Yongning Grate, rotary kiln and fluidized bed furnace. The main technologies used in China's waste-to-energy industry include Yongning grate technology and fluidized bed combustion technology.

　　Yongning grate incineration furnace technology is mature and is the mainstream used in the foreign waste-to-energy industry. Depending on the type of grate, it is divided into chain grates, rolling grates, and reciprocating grates, among which reciprocating grates are further divided into front-push inclined reciprocating grates and rear-push inclined reciprocating grates. This type of furnace operates stably, has mature technology, and through the mechanical movement of the grate, can effectively turn and stir the waste, thus promoting complete combustion of the waste. Yongning grate has lower requirements for waste preheating, lower requirements for the composition and solid weight of the waste, lower operating costs, simpler operation, and more stable operation; the disadvantages are higher initial investment, higher maintenance requirements, lower waste combustion efficiency, higher heat resistance requirements for the incineration furnace, and larger facilities.Yongning GrateYongning grate combustion technology refers to the incineration of municipal waste and fluidized carriers entering the incineration furnace in a certain proportion through the upper part of the fluidized bed. With the help of the fluidized carrier, the waste is vigorously stirred and circulated within the furnace, remaining in a suspended combustion state. The main types of Yongning grate technology include bubbling fluidized bed, rotating fluidized bed, and circulating fluidized bed, among which the circulating fluidized bed is widely used in China.

　　The advantages are low initial investment, high waste combustion efficiency, long service life, and high thermal efficiency. The disadvantages are higher requirements for waste pretreatment, more fly ash produced, higher operational difficulty, shorter full-load operation cycle, and the need for auxiliary fuel.

　　Yongning GrateAlthough waste-to-energy incineration has become the choice of more and more provinces for treating urban waste, waste incineration power plants still face many controversies, mainly regarding environmental issues such as leachate, ash residue, flue gas, and odor generated before and after waste incineration. Therefore, strict flue gas treatment technologies should be adopted to avoid secondary pollution.

　　However, it is necessary to control waste generation at the source to truly achieve the harmlessness of waste incineration power generation, implementing a "cradle-to-grave" management model, strictly formulating implementation plans within the region, managing waste treatment regionally, coordinating between regions, and taking economic measures when necessary. At the same time, relevant departments need to ensure the public's right to know and participate during supervision, making relevant information public and gradually building public environmental awareness. In addition, developing new technologies for waste incineration power generation is also very important. The transformation and application of waste incineration technology results into environmentally friendly renewable energy fuels will better solve the "zero pollution" problem of waste treatment, which is worth learning from for China and related enterprises.

　　但需要从源头上控制垃圾产生，才能真正实现垃圾焚烧发电的无害化，实现“从摇篮到坟墓”的管理模式，严格制定区域内实施方案，对垃圾处理进行区域化管理，区域间相互配合，必要时采取经济措施。同时有关部门在监管时，需要保障公众的知情权和参与权，将相关信息公开，逐步积累公众的环保意识。此外，开发焚烧生活垃圾发电的新技术也非常重要。生活垃圾焚烧技术成果转化应用，形成环境友好型可再生新能源燃料，将更好地解决垃圾处理“零污染”问题，值得中国及相关企业借鉴。