Some common knowledge about grate bars, explained by the scale grate manufacturer.

　　Slag GrateThe manufacturer believes that mechanical grate-type waste incinerators are divided into drying zone, combustion zone, and incineration zone. According to the position of refractory materials used, they can be divided into the entrance area of the waste pushing machine, grate side wall, front arch, rear arch, furnace top, and slag discharge port. The temperature, mechanical strength, and atmosphere of the furnace lining in these areas are different, and appropriate refractory materials need to be selected according to their working conditions. The forms of damage to the furnace wall mainly include structural damage caused by thermal stress and mechanical wear, adhesion, penetration, and erosion of the refractory materials caused by waste.

　　Slag GrateThe manufacturer believes that during different stages of incineration, there are significant temperature differences, and the heating of the furnace walls in each section is uneven. Among them, the combustion section is the area with higher temperatures, mainly composed of two structures: the adiabatic furnace wall and the air-cooled furnace wall. The stability of the air-cooled furnace wall is significantly better than that of the adiabatic furnace wall. However, regardless of the structure, prolonged use will lead to bulging. During the operation of the incinerator, the furnace wall is heated, and there is a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the furnace wall. The silicon carbide bricks that make up the furnace wall have a large temperature gradient from the inside to the outside. The temperature difference between the working face and the non-working face causes the refractory bricks to expand more towards the fire face than the back face. At the same time, the uneven temperature distribution of the furnace wall in different combustion areas of the incinerator causes the furnace wall in the higher temperature areas to expand more. Due to the limitations of the furnace body size, the stress within the entire furnace wall is large; the higher the temperature, the greater the internal stress, leading to a tendency for the furnace wall in the high-temperature area to bulge and bulge into the furnace. The bulging of the furnace wall is also related to overload operation, process temperature control, frequency of starting and stopping, operational level, and furnace wall design.

　　The manufacturer believes that when the furnace wall deforms and bulges into the furnace, the tension bricks exert tensile stress on the furnace wall, stabilizing it. If the tensile components deform and break, the tensile force weakens, and the furnace wall gradually deforms under the continuous action of this thermal stress. The furnace walls in different areas protrude into the furnace to varying degrees, and severe areas may collapse.

　　Slag GrateThe manufacturer believes that household waste has low calorific value and complex composition, which easily leads to problems such as dust, wear, and corrosion during the incineration process, adversely affecting the safe and stable operation of the incinerator. The composition of urban waste is related to the degree of urbanization. The more developed the city, the higher the proportion of combustible and compostable materials in urban waste.

　　The manufacturer believes that household waste in our country has the characteristics of low calorific value and complex composition, and there are many factors affecting equipment operation during the incineration process. The damage to the refractory materials lining the incinerator is primarily due to the mechanical wear of the slag and hard lumps in the household waste on the lining, followed by the mechanical wear, adhesion, and erosion of the slag on the refractory lining. The fly ash from the incinerator is mainly composed of oxides and chlorides of potassium, sodium, aluminum, calcium, silicon, etc. The refractory lining of the incinerator is mainly composed of Al2O3 and SiO2, and the degree of erosion and damage of the slag to the refractory materials varies in different parts of the incinerator.